March14
这是一篇一个系列里面的一篇文章，若想看这个系列，请点击英汉对译技巧系列看这个系列的文章
又是一个星期五，所以承接上个星期的英汉对译技巧（1），做如下笔记：
3、音译(transliteration)：指用音位为单位在英译文中保留汉语的发音以便突出原文主要语言功能的翻译方法。如：
carnation:康乃馨
sofa 沙发
coffee 咖啡
toffee 太妃糖
气功：qigong
饺子：jiaozi
客上天然居，居然天上客。
•山石岩边古木枯，此木是柴。白水泉边女子好，少女最妙。
•孔夫子搬家－－净是书（输）。
•冻雨洒窗，东两点，西三点。
•外甥打灯笼—照旧（舅）
4、直译、意译、音译等各种翻译方法相结合。如：
阴阳学说：
The doctrine of Yin and Yang (in Chinese philosophy, medicine, etc., the two opposing principles in nature, the former feminine and negative, the latter masculine and positive.)
Coca Cola 可口可乐
UFO（Unidentified Flying Object）幽浮
文化的共性：一种语言的词汇可在另一种语言中找到意义相符的词，如：
教室－classroom
儿子－son
茶－tea
教授－professor
文化的个性：东西方文化差异较大，有些东西具有不可译性，或者很难准确的译出，如汉语中的格律诗、词等，再如与文字形式密切相关的，如回文诗、拆字对联、歇后语等。例：
1) –What’s the relation between the door-mat and the door?
–A step farther
2) –“Call me a taxi,” said the fat man.
–“Okay,” said the doorman. “You are a taxi, but you look more like a truck to me.” 3) –Why is a room full of married people very empty？
–Because there isn’t a single person in it.
4) At a wedding a man loses his bachelor’s degree and a woman wins her master’s
5) –What can I do for you, Mr. Smith?
一、英语词义在汉语中的对应程度有几种情况：
–Well, doctor, my nose runs and my feet smell.
–Hmmm, that’s awkward. You’re built upside down.
6) A teacher came to a prison to teach the inmates English. He began his lesson by saying “I suppose you all know what a sentence is.”
7) When Mrs. Smith came home one night she was horrified to find her son with his hands round his pet rabbit’s neck, shaking it and shouting, “Come on then. What’s five and three?
•“Stop it at once,” she yelled. “What are you doing?”
•“Well, teacher told us that rabbits could multiply quickly. This one can’t even add five and three.”
另外，中外都有的东西，由于历史、文化的不同而赋予了不同的含义，如：
She’s a dragon.
let sleeping dogs lie. 别惹麻烦.
a jolly dog 风趣之人
a cat-and-dog life 争争吵吵的日子
Every dog has his day. 人人都有得意之时
Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无辞
If the old dog barks, he gives the counsel. 老狗叫，是忠告。
Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌
He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运儿。
not have a dog’s chance 毫无机会
top dog 当权派；头儿
a gay dog 一个快乐的人
1)We had plenty of company in the way of wagonloads and mule-loads of tourists—and dust.
2)“It’s an order from President Bush.” “I don’t care if it is from bush, tree, or grass.”
1)
A 我们有很多以马车装载和骡子负载的旅游者这种方式的同伴—和尘土。
B 跟我们做伴的真不少，有乘马车的游客，有骑骡子的游客—一路尘土飞扬
C 我们的旅伴真不少：马车载的，骡子驮的，还有滚滚尘
2） A “这是布什总统的命令。”“我才不在意它是来自灌木、树，还是草。”
B “这是布什总统的命令。”“我才不在乎它是来自布什、树木还是草呢。”
第二讲、英汉两种语言的比较
英：印欧语系 拼音文字 1500多年的历史 综合型向分析型语言发展的语言汉：汉藏语系 表意文字 6000多年的历史 分析型为主
一、英汉词汇的对比
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